احمد شه وری. نفت: سایه های جنگ سرد بر کودتای 28 امرداد 1332. ۱400. 233 صفحه.
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کودتای 1953 2
فهرست مطالب
عنوان صفحه
پیشگفتار 5
مقدمه 9
کرونولوژی رویدادهای مربتط با جنگ سرد 11
جنگ سرد 33
تحلیل کودتای 28 امرداد 1332 در حوزه جنگ سرد 51
سوء استفاده امریکا از مرگ استالین در بلعیدن ایران 77
یادادشت ها 107
منابع و مآخذ 199
Cold War and the August 18 1953 Coup in Iran
Between 1945 and 1960, many former colonies gained independence and formed the Third World, where control and expansion of influence over the Third World became one of the main areas of conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union.
On April 12, Franklin Roosevelt died and Harry S. Truman became the president of the United States. The research about what happened between the death of Roosevelt and the beginning of the Eisenhower administration shows that in these 8 years, the foreign policy of cooperation with the Soviet Union during Roosevelt’s time was replaced by the policy of confronting the Soviet Union, spreading communism, or at least limiting the Soviet Union to the border area. He gave it and its satellites; A policy that cost billions of dollars to implement, and after the collapse of the Soviet Union on the last day of 1991, its aftershocks in the form of terrorism and destructive competition still continue; It was with Truman that the approach of American foreign policy changed from cooperation and understanding to confrontation, enmity, war, and imperialism.
In the Potsdam Conference Truman was much more suspicious of the Soviets than Roosevelt had been and became increasingly suspicious of Stalin’s intentions[1]. Truman and his advisers saw Soviet actions in Eastern Europe as aggressive expansionism, which was incompatible with the agreements committed to by Stalin at Yalta in February. In addition, Truman became aware of possible complications elsewhere after Stalin had objected to Churchill’s proposal for an Allied withdrawal from Iran ahead of the schedule that had been agreed at the Tehran Conference. The Potsdam Conference was the only time that Truman met Stalin in person[2]. In the final declaration of this conference, it was emphasized that the Soviet and British forces would leave Iran 6 months after the end of all conflicts[3].
The Potsdam Conference with a stronger relationship among the three governments as a consequence of their collaboration, which renewed confidence that together with the other United Nations, they would ensure the creation of a just and enduring peace. Nevertheless, within 18 months relations had deteriorated and the Cold War had emerged[4].
The immediate post-1945 period may have been the historical high point for the popularity of communist ideology. The burdens the Red Army and the Soviet Union endured had earned it massive respect which, had it been fully exploited by Joseph Stalin, had a good chance of resulting in a communist Europe.
The political situation in Iran was a flashpoint between the major players in 1945–46, with the Soviet Union sponsoring two breakaway provinces in northern Iran, adjacent to the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic. Soviet troops were stationed in northwestern Iran as part of the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran during the war. They not only refused to withdraw in 1945 but backed revolts that established short-lived, pro-Soviet separatist national states called the Azerbaijan People’s Government and the Republic of Kurdistan. The issue was debated at the United Nations, and in 1946 Moscow abandoned its position, and the conflict was permanently resolved peacefully, with a pro-western government resuming control. Iran did not become a major battlefield of the Cold War, but it had its own history of confrontation with Britain and the United States[5].
The United States based its Cold War coalition primarily on the Baghdad Pact of 1955 which formed the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), which included Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey, and the United Kingdom[6].
Reference:
– George Lenczowski, American Presidents and the Middle East, (1990), pp. 7–13.
2- Harry S. Truman, Memoirs, Vol. 1: Year of Decisions (1955), p.380, cited in Lenczowski, American Presidents, p.10
Nash, Gary B. “The Troublesome Polish Question.” The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society. New York: Pearson Longman, 2008. Print.
3- Editors, History com. “Potsdam Conference”. HISTORY. Retrieved 2020-09-02. –
4- Lynn Etheridge Davis, The Cold War Begins: Soviet-American Conflict Over East Europe (2015) pp 288–334. And:: James L. Gormly, From Potsdam to the Cold War: Big Three Diplomacy, 1945-1947 (Scholarly Resources, 1990).
5 – Bruce R. Kuniholm, The Origins of the Cold War in the Near East: Great Power Conflict and Diplomacy in Iran, Turkey, and Greece (Princeton UP, 2014). And:: Arms, Encyclopedia of the Cold War (1994) pp 37–38, 400.
6 – Michael J. Cohen, “From ‘Cold’ to ‘Hot’ War: Allied Strategic and Military Interests in the Middle East after the Second World War.” Middle Eastern Studies 43.5 (2007): 725–748. And:: The Baghdad Pact: Anglo-American Defence Policies in the Middle East, 1950-59 – via Amazon. And:: Ayesha Jalal, “Towards the Baghdad Pact: South Asia and Middle East Defence in the Cold War, 1947–1955.” International History Review 11.3 (1989): 409–433.
Ahmad Shahvary. Similarities in the World Outlooks of Hafiz and Khayyam. Tehran. 2018. 338 pages
ISBN: 978-1453852750
You can buy this book in PDF format for 3 USD through PayPal payment to a_shahvary@yahoo.com.
Similarities in the World Outlooks of Hafiz and Khayyam
Table of Content
Title Page
Preface 7
Introduction 15
Hafiz and Khayyam 19
The Competence of Reason 37
Enigma of the Creation 47
Denunciation of Philosophy 53
The Secrets of Being 63
Hafiz and Sufism 67
Hafiz-i Calander 71
Hafiz and the World of Creation 77
Hafiz and the Culmination of Mankind 83
Hafiz and the Transient World 87
Hafiz’s Apprehensions 95
The Manner of Time and the World 99
Order or Disorder in the Wheel’s Circuit 117
Unfulfilled Wishes of Man 119
Seizing the Opportunity 121
Hafiz’s Attitude to Pleasure 137
Denunciation of the Long Wishes 149
Hafiz and Religious Tenets 153
Hafiz: An Endeavor 161
State of Sages in the World 167
The Tyranny of the World 175
Denouncement of Sham Piety 179
Hafiz’s View of Paradise and Hell 205
Hafiz and Grace of Khodavand 213
Hafiz and Contentment 237
The excellence of Dervishes 225
Hafiz’s Magnanimity of Temper 231
Hafiz and the Question of Freedom 239
Hafiz and the Question of Justice 243
Tolerance and Generosity of Hafiz 245
Hafiz and Fatalism 253
Notes 281
Bibliography 317
Author’s Resume 321
Iran
Persian Literature Umar Khayyam Hafiz World Outlook Shiraz Neishabour
Ahmad Shahvary. Rumi and Iqbal Lahori. Tehran. 2018. 227 pages
ISBN-13: 978-1477661246
You can buy this book in PDF format for 2 USD through PayPal payment to a_shahvary@yahoo.com.
Rumi and Iqbal Lahori
Table of Content
Title Pages
Why Iqbal regarded Rumi as his Guide 5
Introduction 9
General information 13
Rumi in Brief 19
Iqbal in Brief 55
Iqbal Lahori and Politics 91
Muhammad Iqbal Lahore’s Works 107
Muhammad Jallal ed-Din Rumi
and his ideas 113
Rumi’s Works 129
Mawlana Jallal ed-Din Rumi’s Thoughts 133
Rumi and Iqbal 177
References 193
Ahmad Shahvary. Open File. 1953 United States and Britain Coup d’État in Iran. 1953 Coup (5). 2023. 860 pages
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1953 United States and Britain Coup d’État in Iran.1Coup (5).
Table of Content
Title Page
Foreword 5
Introduction 9
Author of the book 13
Chronology of the events ending to the nationalization
of the oil industry in Iran 45
Britain: Initiator of the Coup of 19th August 1953 in Iran 259
The important role of the BEDAMN network in the 311
coup d’état on 18 and 19 August 1953
Agents of Britain in Iran 317
British intelligence officers who carried on Boots Operation 345
111 Crucial Hours: (2300), August 14 1953 349
to (1400), August 19, 1953
Gasiorowski’s Accounts on the 1953 Coup D’état in Iran 383
Story of Coup by Stephen Kinzer 393
U.S. Foreign Policy in Iran, and the Region 405
Beginning of the British Conspiracy under the code name
of “Boots” in Iran 433
Operation TpAjax 445
Revealing the Hidden Story of the Coup 483
Internal Factors of the August 19 coup 491
Analysis of the Coup d’état on August 19, 1953
in the context of the Cold War 509
Whether the Tudeh Party of Iran actually, and potentially
had the ability to form a government in Iran? 535
Appraisal of the U.S. Role in the Coup 549
The United States critics of Iran’s oil-less economy 557
The Aftermath of the Coup 571
The Coup in Iran became a model for
America’s Regime Changing 587
Notes 611
Appendices 671
Appendix I; Harriman Mission, 671
Appendix II; Stokes Mission, 765
Appendix III; Foreign Relations of
the United States and Iran, 1951–1954, 766
Appendix IV; The Assassination of Razmara by
Muhammad Reza Pahlavi and Primer ship of Hussein Ala, 768
Appendix V; Nationalist Officers Organization, 780
Appendix VI: Uprising of July 21, 1952, 784
The CIA’s cover-up regarding the August 19, 1953 coup in Iran 793
Sources 803
Ahmad Shahvary. History of the Parthian Empire.
1st Edition. Tehran. 2021. 3o6 pages.
ISBN-13: 978-1453851302
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New Look to the History of Iran (21)
Title page
Preface 5
Lexicology 9
Prelude 11
Introduction 13
Parthian Government 17
Development of Parthian State 21
Economic Life in the Parthian Empire 25
The Parthian Army 27
Parthian and Roman Empire 31
The Indo-Parthian Relations 41
Decay and Decline 43
List of Parthian Kings 45
Parthian Dynasty 71
Conclusion 245
Notes 247
Sources 267
Bibliography 271
Author of the Book 281
Gallery 293
Ahmad Shahvary. Hafiz and Sufism. 1st Edition. Tehran. 2018. 238 pages.
ISBN: 978-1453851227
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Philosophy (5)
Table of Content
Title Page
Preface 5
Hafiz in Brief 13
Hafiz’s Life and Works 25
What Others Say about Hafiz? 63
Is Hafiz a Sufi? 73
Hafiz has been a Sufi? 85
Translation of Hafiz Poems
by Ms. Gertrude Bell 99
Notes 103
References 193
General Resources on Hafiz 201
Ahmad Shahvary. From assumptions to the reality; history of Iran- United States Relations 1811-2007. 1st Edition. Tehran. 2018. 516 pages.
ISBN:978-622-00-1431-7
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Foreign Relations of Iran (5)
Table of Content
Title Page
Preface 5
Introduction 9
History of Nature of the Governance in Iran 19
Iran Geopolitics Question 25
United States Policy in Persian Gulf 29
United States Oil Policy in Persian Gulf 35
The former Shah of Iran 59
Relations during Fath Ali Shah, and
Muhammad Shah Era: 1797-1834- 1848 75
Relations in Nasser ed-Din Shah Era: 1848-1896 79
Relations in Muzzafar ed-Din Shah
Era: 1896- 1907 99
Relations in Muhammad Ali Shah
Era: January 8, 1907- July 16, 1909 109
Relations in Ahmad Shah
Era: July 16, 1909- October 31, 1925 113
Relations in Reza Shah Era 137
Relations in Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi Era
1941-1953 143
Relations in Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi Era
1951-1979 187
Relations in Ayatollah Khomeini Era 305
Relations after Ayatollah Khomeini 337
Notes: 373
Appendices 437
Bibliography 463
About the Author 479
Ahmad Shahvary. Persian Gulf of Iran, history, documents, and maps.
1st Edition. Tehran. 2017. 304 pages.
ISBN: 978-600-04-9752-1
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Historical Geography of Iran (1)
Table of Content
Title Page
Preface 5
Introduction 13
Some Historical Records on the Name of
the Persian Gulf 19
Iran Geopolitics Question 27
The United States Policy in Persian Gulf 33
The United States Oil Policy in Persian Gulf 41
Name of Persian Gulf in the Passage of History 69
Persian Gulf Historic Maps 141
Bibliography 213
Sourceology 245
Ahmad Shahvary. School of natural law: the course of the historical evolution of natural law thought from the beginning to the end of the 20th century.
1st Edition. Tehran. 2018. 736 pages.
ISBN- 978-600-04-0412-3
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Law (5)
Table of Content
Page Title
Foreword 5
Abstract 7
Philosophy of Law 15
Introduction 39
Philosophy and Nature 43
Politics and Nature 45
Definition of Law 49
Definition of Right
The Legal Rule 61
The Purpose of Law 63
The Bases of Law 65
The Formation of Law 67
The Schools of Law 71
1- Philosophical School of Law 71
2- Analytical School of Law 71
3- Historical School of Law 73
4- Experimental School of Law 74
5- School of Utilitarianism of Law 75
6- School of Pragmatism of Law 76
7- The Theory of the Unity of Law, and Government 77
8- School of Law of Individual Originality of Law 80
9- School of Originality of Will of Law 81
10- Social School of Law 82
11- School of Realization of Law 83
12- Vienna Circle School of Law 86
13- The State School of Law 87
14- The Moral School of Law 88
15- School of Originality of Belief of Law 90
16- The Formalism School of Law 91
17- The School of Realism of Law 91
18- The School of Modern Realism of Law 92
19- Sociological School of Law 93
20- Analytical Positivism or Analytical
School of Jurisprudence 94
Justice; the base of the Natural Law 95
1- Early opinions and comments 96
2- Opinions and Comments of Greeks 97
Justice in Wikipedia 100
The School of Natural Law 117
Historical Evolution of Natural Law 157
1- Mythological period 157
2- Before the Christian period 157
3- From the birth of Christ to the advent of Islam 173
4- The School’s Companions and Natural Law 180
5- From the Renaissance to the French Revolution 186
6- Natural Law in the 19th Century 207
7- The School of Natural Law in Twenty Century 210
9- The New School of Natural Law 215
Criticisms of the Natural Law 218
Notes 223
Definitions 473
Sources 629
ADABSARA 