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Article 805
Britain: Initiator of the Coup of 19th August 1953 in Iran
(Part III)
The coup plotters failed in gaining the support or neutrality of the Qashqais until the unsuccessful coup d’état on August 16, 1953, was implemented and failed. Muhammad Nasser Soulat Qashqaei says in his memories that after the failure of the first coup, Goodwin – Kermit Roosevelt’s assistant, the American commander of the coup, met with Muhammad Hossein Khan and Khosrow Khan Qashqai and asked them to take Zahedi to the Qashqai tribe and after the reprogramming to move towards Tehran again[1]: On the day of the coup d’état on August 19, 1953, the leaders of the Qashqai clan were present in Tehran and were on their way to Samiram, they called Mossadiq and suggested that he go with them to the Qashqai clan. But Mossadiq did not accept[2].
Of course, due to the implementation of the coup d’état on August 19, and the ease of its victory, there was no opportunity for the British to take advantage of the power and capacity of the nomads, and the agreement of the British with some nomad leaders did not reach the implementation stage[3].
The British Embassy as the center of conspiracies
The British embassy, which is the center of conspiracies, was in the heart of Tehran with an area of about six hectares, and many political, economic, security and military employees of that country were working in its buildings. According to Roger Lewis, “the environment of the embassy was a world unto itself, and it was considered a government within the government[4] “ Instead of dealing with diplomatic affairs, the embassy was the second version of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and engaged in intervention and conspiracy in the heart of Iran. “This independent diplomatic zone was a manifestation of foreign domination[5] “. It became clear to the people that the embassy was busy with goals beyond diplomatic actions.
Actions against the national movement were directed by the embassy from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs building in London, headed by Miss Anne Lambton, the former press attaché of the embassy. She oversaw Iran studies department in England and advisor to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and she was against reconciliation in the oil issue. Lambton insisted that if England had a strong will, the National Government would be overthrown; the passing events proved that she was right in her forecast of events. The first step to exert pressure was to remove the employees of the former oil company from Abadan, and at the same time, they launched intense propaganda against the government and the leaders of the oil movement[6].
Following Lambton’s announcement of a covert operation against the Iranian government, the British Embassy and the MI6 spy agency implemented a plot to overthrow the government through covert activities. Robin Ziner, who was the press attaché of the British Embassy in Tehran from 1943to 1947, undertook this mission[7].
He was an adventurous and mysterious person, and There was no secret activity related to overthrow the legal government of Iran that he did not try them. Therefore, according to Lambton, Zinner was the ideal man to lead the covert operation of England fans. He worked as a sponsor of the embassy adviser. His duty was to coordinate people like Ernest Peron, Rashidian brothers and other courtiers including Ahmed Homan and Suleyman Behboodi. The Rashidians received a lot of money from Robin Zaehner, but it is not clear how the money was spent. They had an affair with Sam Fall, the counselor of the eastern section of the embassy. Other sections involved in the anti-government activity were the eastern advisors of the embassy, including Lancelot Payman and Colonel Geoffrey Wheeler[8].
Reference:
[1] – Soulat Qashqai, 1371. pp. 407-408.
[2] – Five days of resurrection of the Iranian nation, p. 188.
[3] – Article on Britain and conspiracy among Iranian tribes and nomads is written by Sajjad Raei Gelojeh and is published in the following site:
[4] – William Roger Lewis, former, p. 377.
[5] – Ibid., p. 377.
[6] – Abrahamian, op, cit. p5
[7] – William Roger Lewis, Mossadiq at the Two Ways of British Imperialism, Bill and Lewis, p. 375. Foreign Secretary Herbert Morrison of Attlee’s Labor government gave the explicit order to carry out the plot, which was later confirmed by Anthony Eden. Reference: Mohammad Ali Movahed, Khab-i Asfete Naft, Vol. 2, Tehran, Karnameh, 1378, p. 181.
[8] – Fakhreddin Azimi, National Sovereignty and Its Enemies, Tehran, Atai, 2003, p. 73.
Source:
Ahmad Shahvary. Open File:19th August1953 United States and Britain Coup d’état in Iran
ADABSARA 